However, in the following years, physicists discovered quarks and gluons. While quarks are particles that combine to form ...

An elusive particle that first formed in the hot, dense maelstrom of the early universe has puzzled physicists for decades.

Atomic nuclei, composed of protons and neutrons, hide quarks and gluons at their core. These latter particles, still challenging to study, have long eluded scientists. In the mid-20th ...

A recent study has proposed a new mechanism for the formation of primordial black holes that could provide answers about dark matter.

For the first time, quarks and gluons were used to describe properties of atomic nuclei, which until now had been explained by the existence of protons and neutrons. The temporary pair of ...

Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have used supercomputer simulations to predict electric charge distributions in ...

The predictions and measurements at the EIC will reveal how quarks and the gluons that hold them together in hadrons generate the mass and structure of nearly all visible matter. "The fundamental ...

A team of physicists say they have created the first coherent picture of atomic nuclei from their composite particles, quarks and gluons. The 20th century was a pretty busy hundred years for ...

This book introduces quark gluon-plasma (QGP) as a primordial matter composed of quarks and gluons, created at the time of the "Big Bang". After a pedagogical introduction to gauge theories, various ...

The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons, particles that exist through the interaction of quarks bonded by gluons. It would seem, therefore, that it should not be difficult to ...